Saima Afzal
- Indexed articles, last 90 days
- 1
- Latest publication
- Aug 8, 2026
- Outlet visibility, for Fair Observer
- Top 5M sites
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- Aug 8, 2026
Latest articles
Pakistan’s Countersubversion Challenge in an Age of Hybrid Conflict (opens the original)
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This article saved into your bookmarks. Click here to view your bookmarks. Bombs, bullets and military operations no longer solely define Pakistan’s security landscape. A different kind of battlefield is increasingly shaping it, one where disinformation, political manipulation and campaigns designed to erode confidence in state institutions reinforce violence. Terrorism remains a serious threat, but information and perception influence today’s security environment as armed attacks do. The March
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Top 5M sites
For Fair Observer, the outlet · Measured Aug 1, 2026
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