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Alfredo Toro Hardy

Reporter · US

Indexed articles, last 90 days
2
Latest publication
Sep 2, 2026
Outlet visibility, for Fair Observer
Top 5M sites
Earliest in this view
Jul 11, 2026

Latest articles

  1. Article · Sep 2, 2026 · Alfredo Toro Hardy

    Hispanic American Elites and Their Historical Evolution (opens the original)

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    Portrait of the Fagoaga Arozqueta family. The Fagoaga Arozqueta family was an upper-class criollo family from Mexico city, New Spain. Via Wikimedia Commons This article saved into your bookmarks. Click here to view your bookmarks. Colonial Hispanic American elites — meaning the Spaniard upper class born in the Americas — were immensely rich. In many cases, they also belonged to old Spanish lineages. Through endogamous marriages, they structured a closed social class. Depending on the countries i

  2. Article · Jul 11, 2026 · Alfredo Toro Hardy

    Western Supremacy, Chinese Supremacy: Tracing 500 Years of Global Power (opens the original)

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    This article saved into your bookmarks. Click here to view your bookmarks. While the West declines, the East emerges. Power, indeed, seems to be shifting to the East and very particularly to China. A very important question we must ask ourselves as we examine this shift is how long the West has been on top. Was it only during the last 200 years, when Pax Britannica and Pax Americana ruled the world? Or, conversely, was it for the last five centuries, when scientific progress and global expansion

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For Fair Observer, the outlet · Measured Aug 1, 2026

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