The Nature of Training
Training and performance from a Complex Systems approach, by Manu Sola Arjona
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- Sep 26, 2026
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Your Training Plan Is a Hypothesis: Complex Problem Solving in Coaching (opens the original)
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This is Chapter 5 of my book Training Complex Systems. I’ve been sharing the English translation chapter by chapter here.If training were like tending a garden, in the previous chapters we would have learned plant physiology, the life cycle of insects, or the way species influence one another. But one thing would still be missing: management techniques; knowing how to act as variations appear in the functioning of the system.And this is the most important part. Knowing a lot about how to stimula
Train to Train: What Base Training Is Really For (opens the original)
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If there is one part of training that is both critically important and riddled with myths, it’s the period we usually call the base period, or preparatory period.What we have today is a historical narrative, born from anecdotal observations by Russian authors like Matveyev, that rests on far less evidence than people think and has survived simply because we had nothing better. In my second book -which I am sharing here- I describe how that happened, but I’m not going into the history today.What
21st-Century Periodization: Making Sense of the Nonsense. (opens the original)
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“There is a time to be ahead,and a time to be behind.A time to be in motion,and a time to be at rest.A time to be safe,and a time to be in danger.”Lao Tzu, Tao Te ChingAs I explained in the first chapter, the foundations we currently have when approaching training periodization are, to put it mildly, weak and not very rigorous.Periodization has traditionally been used
If You Didn't Feel It, You Didn't Train It (opens the original)
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“To know others is intelligence; to know oneself is true wisdom.”Lao Tzu, Tao Te ChingIn the last chapter we broke training down into its fundamental variables: the type of stimulus, its magnitude, and its frequency. That framework raises an obvious practical question: how do you actually know, in the middle of a session, which stimulus you’re applying and how big it is?Most people reach for technology — heart rate, lactate, core temperature, recovery scores. We’ll talk about those. But I want t
4x4 or 4x8? It Doesn't Matter. What Matters Is This. (opens the original)
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When my students start the course, the most common questions I usually receive are along these lines:Is it better to do 6 sets of 3 minutes or 3 sets of 6 minutes to train VO2max?· Is it better to train intervals at a low cadence or at a free cadence?· Should I stay in the upper part of the green zone (zone 2) or in the middle?· Would you include more work right at threshold or at VO2max pace?· Recover 2 minutes or 3 minutes?And so o
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