Muhammad Khan
- Indexed articles, last 90 days
- 8
- Latest publication
- Sep 17, 2026
- Outlet visibility, for Pakistan Observer
- Top 500K sites
- Earliest in this view
- Jul 13, 2026
Latest articles
Balochistan Province: Where local grievances meet global geopolitics - Pakistan Observer (opens the original)
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BALOCHISTAN has remained Pakistan’s most strategically important and security-sensitive province for decades. Its vast territory, mineral resources, energy potential and coastline along the Arabian Sea make it central to Pakistan’s economic future, while its location at the intersection of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East gives it exceptional geopolitical significance. Yet, despite this potential, the province has suffered persistent violence, political instability, underdevelopment
PCA ruling is a legal binding for India - Pakistan Observer (opens the original)
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The latest ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) at The Hague has placed the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960 at the center of renewed India-Pakistan tensions. On August 31, 2026, the Court of Arbitration issued two important decisions: an Award on the status of the Treaty following India’s April 2025 decision to place it “in abeyance,” and an Order on interim measures concerning the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant on the Chenab River. The significance of the ruling is considerable. The
SCO at 25: Towards a multipolar order - Pakistan Observer (opens the original)
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THE Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Heads of State Summit, held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, from August 31 to September 1, 2026, marked the completion of a quarter century of the organization’s existence. Convened under the theme, “25 Years of the SCO: Together Towards Sustainable Peace, Development and Prosperity,” the summit was more than a commemorative gathering. It provided an opportunity for member states to assess the organization’s achievements and chart a strategic course for the ne
Defence Day: Reaffirming our resolve - Pakistan Observer (opens the original)
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THE resilient Pakistani nation observes Defence Day on September 6 each year with renewed resolve, dynamism and fervour. The day provides an opportunity to pay tribute to martyrs of the 1965 war and to all those who have sacrificed their lives in defence of the motherland. Ceremonies held by armed forces and their formations commemorate the courage and sacrifices of national heroes who laid down their lives while defending Pakistan against aggression and safeguarding its territorial integrity. I
Countering hybrid warfare - Pakistan Observer (opens the original)
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THE international nation-state system is based on anarchy, where each state must ensure its security independently. From the perspective of Westphalia, two key characteristics define a nation-state: no internal parallel and no external superior above the state. In international politics, the national power of a state is considered the hallmark for determining its status. The national power of any state relies on combination of many elements and factors, collectively known as elements of national
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